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The School of Economic Science (SES), also known as the School of Philosophy and the School of Practical Philosophy, is a worldwide organisation based in London.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Founding School & UK Branches )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=School of Practical Philosophy - Worldwide )〕 Its teachings are principally influenced by Advaita Vedanta,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Inquiry Report )〕 an orthodox philosophical system of Hinduism,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Advaita )〕 as interpreted by SES leader Leon MacLaren (1910-1994).〔 p216-219.〕 The SES advertises introductory courses in what it terms "Practical Philosophy", involving a mental process known as 'The Exercise' and discussion of European philosophers such as Plato and Marsilio Ficino as well as Advaita.〔Richard King, ''Orientalism and Religion'', Routledge, 1999, page 135-6.〕 Those who continue involvement beyond 2–3 years mainly study Advaita;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Advaita Vedanta - Philosophy - Hinduism - School of Economic Science )〕 they are required to take up meditation and to undertake voluntary work to help with the running of the group, and to attend residential programmes.〔http://informserve.co.uk/INFORM/Inform_Leaflet_SES_2007.pdf〕 It has a controversial reputation and is seen by some commentators as a cult or new religious movement.〔Colin Slee, "New Religious Movements and the Churches", in Bryan R. Wilson, Jamie Cresswell (eds), ''New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response'', Routledge (1999), page 170; George D. Chryssides, ''Exploring New Religions'', Continuum International Publishing (1999), page 374.〕 The SES has around 2500 members in the UK branch and several thousand more in the up to 80 branches worldwide.〔〔 Operating under various names, there are branches in America, Canada, Venezuela, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Trinidad, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Holland, Malta, Spain, Ireland, Hungary, Germany, Israel and Argentina.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Affiliates - The School of Practical Philosophy )〕 The head of all of these branches is MacLaren's successor, Donald Lambie.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Recent History - The School of Practical Philosophy )〕 It has also founded fee-paying, general education private schools for children that incorporate SES doctrine. These include the Ficino School in Auckland, New Zealand; St James Preparatory School, Johannesburg, South Africa; John Colet School, Sydney, Australia; Erasmus School, Melbourne, Australia; the St James Independent Schools in London; Alcuin school in Leeds; St James' primary school in Stockport; and the John Scottus School in Dublin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Home - John Scottus School )〕 ==History== The School of Economic Science was founded in 1938 by Andrew MacLaren MP under the name Henry George School of Economics. The school was an "economics study group" that expounded the economic theories of the American economist Henry George.〔〔Land and Liberty, Henry George Foundation of Great Britain, 1933 p 231; 1935 p89; 1936 p94, 1937 p97.〕〔Land and Liberty, 1936 p129, p161, p164.〕〔 page 65〕〔p52, p68.〕 Leon MacLaren "inherited" the school from his father, Andrew, and changed the school's focus to "the study of natural laws governing the relations between men in society."〔 Some references cite Andrew MacLaren as the founder of the School of Economic Science,〔George D. Chryssides, ''Exploring New Religions'', Continuum International Publishing (1999), page 374.〕 who was barred from the organisation's meetings after his son Leon took it over a few years later.〔 A branch school called the School of Practical Philosophy, opened in 1964 as an offshoot of the School of Economic Science in New York City, USA. The school became a not-for-profit corporation chartered by the Board of Regents of the State of New York and later opened branches in the Hudson Valley, Rochester, NY, Albany, GA, Scottsdale, AZ, South Florida, San Francisco, CA, Boston, MA and the state of New Jersey. The SES began a tradition of an annual event called Art in Action〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Art in Action - Press Release January 2012 )〕 beginning in the 1970s which has attracted about 25,000 visitors in recent years.〔 In 1975, as a response to requests from SES parents, MacLaren opened three experimental schools, called St James Independent Schools, for children ages 5 through 7 and the St. Verdast school for ages 10 through 18.〔 These SES schools were also reported to be the "among the last private schools in England to ban caning" after they discontinued the practice in 1996.〔 One of the three schools, the St. Vedast boys school for ages 10 through 18, was still functioning as of 2011.〔 Leon MacLaren chose to be succeeded upon his death in 1994 by Donald Lambie.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=School Of Philosophy And Economic Science )〕 In 1999-2001, frescos were added to the SES's Waterperry property to create "a sacred space" "depicting the teachings of Advaita Vedanta" intended "to last at least 500 years".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Initial Concept : Architecture )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「School of Economic Science」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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